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Apache Struts 2 Documentation
Why doesn't the if tag evaluate test="
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try either

or

### Why to use search [ 0 ]?

The reason is that #parameters would return a Map, the framework conveniently makes request parameters into a Map to make unit testing action easier and the framework also uses

which returns a Map where the key is the parameter (String) while the value is an array of the parameter value (Array of String), hence the need to use [ 0 ].