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Apache Struts 2 Documentation
S2-005
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## Summary

XWork ParameterInterceptors bypass allows remote command execution

Who should read this | All Struts 2 developers
Impact of vulnerability | Remote server context manipulation
Maximum security rating | Critical
Recommendation | Developers should immediately upgrade to Struts 2.2.1 or read the following solution instructions carefully for a configuration change to mitigate the vulnerability
Affected Software | Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.1.8.1
Original JIRA Ticket | WW-3470, XW-641
Reporter | Meder Kydyraliev, Google Security Team
CVE Identifier | CVE-2010-1870
Original Description | http://blog.o0o.nu/2010/07/cve-2010-1870-struts2xwork-remote.html

## Problem

OGNL provides, among other features, extensive expression evaluation capabilities (http://www.ognl.org/2.6.9/Documentation/html/LanguageGuide/expressionEvaluation.html). The vulnerability allows a malicious user to bypass the '#'-usage protection built into the ParametersInterceptor, thus being able to manipulate server side context objects.

This behavior was already addressed in S2-003, but it turned out that the resulting fix based on whitelisting acceptable parameter names closed the vulnerability only partially. At least the following context objects are still accessible:

- #context - OgnlContext, the one guarding method execution based on 'xwork.MethodAccessor.denyMethodExecution' property value.
- #_memberAccess - SecurityMemberAccess, whose 'allowStaticAccess' field prevented static method execution.
- #root
- #this
- #_typeResolver
- #_classResolver
- #_traceEvaluations
- #_lastEvaluation
- #_keepLastEvaluation

## Solution

As of XWork 2.2.1, now being an integral part of the Struts 2.2.1 release, the ParameterInterceptor was changed to provide a very strict whitelist mechanism for acceptable, non malicious parameter names. Therefore parameters other than simple property navigation paths will be ignored.

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It is strongly recommended to upgrade to Struts 2.2.1, which contains the corrected XWork library.

In case an upgrade isn't possible in a particular environment, there is a configuration based mitigation workaround:

### Possible Mitigation Workaround: Configure ParametersIntercptor in struts.xml to Exclude Malicious Parameters

The following additional interceptor-ref configuration, suggested by John Wilander, should mitigate the problem when applied correctly:

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For this configuration to work correctly, it has to be applied to any params interceptor ref in any stack an application is using.
E.g., if an application is configured to use defaultStack as well as paramsPrepareParamsStack, you should copy both stack definitions from struts-default.xml to the application's struts.xml config file and apply the described excludeParams configuration for each params interceptor ref, that is once for defaultStack and twice for paramsPrepareParamsStack